2021年無錫市第14屆英語(yǔ)翻譯比賽決賽試題和參考譯文
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無錫市第十四屆英語(yǔ)翻譯比賽決賽
（本科組）
一、英譯中
How Should One Read a Book?
It is simple enough to say that since books have classes－fiction, biography, poetry―we should separate them and take from each what it is right that each should give us. Yet few people ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish all such preconceptions when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictate to your author; try to become him. Be his fellow-worker and accomplice. If you hang back, and reserve and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read. But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible fineness, from the twist and turn of the first sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other. Steep yourself in this, acquaint yourself with this, and soon you will find that your author is giving you, or attempting to give you, something far more definite. The thirty-two chapters of a novel－if we consider how to read a novel first－are an attempt to make something as formed and controlled as a building; but words are more impalpable than bricks; reading is a longer and more complicated process than seeing. Perhaps the quickest way to understand the elements of what a novelist is doing is not to read, but to write; to make your own experiment with the dangers and difficulties of words. Recall, then, some event that has left a distinct impression on you－how at the corner of the street, perhaps, you passed two people talking. A tree shook; an electric light danced; the tone of the talk was Comic, but also tragic; a whole vision，an entire conception, seemed contained in that moment.
But
when you attempt to reconstruct it in words, you will find that it breaks into
a thousand conflicting impressions. Some must be subdued；others emphasized; in the
process you will lose, probably, all grasp upon the emotion itself. Then turn
from your blurred and littered pages to the opening pages of some great
novelist－Defoe, Jane Austen, Hardy. Now you will be better able to appreciate their
mastery. To read a novel is a difficult and complex art. You must be capable
not only of great finesse of perception, but of great boldness of imagination
if you are going to make use of all that the novelist―the great artist gives you.
二、中譯英
近年來，媒體關(guān)于“二代”現(xiàn)象的討論很多，諸如“富二代”“官二代”“貧二代”。改革開放以來，經(jīng)濟(jì)體制深刻變革，原有的較為簡(jiǎn)單的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)了很大變化，尤其是社會(huì)階層結(jié)構(gòu)的分化與重新組合。如今，社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)開始走向穩(wěn)定與成熟，但同時(shí)社會(huì)成員借以改變自身地位、向上流動(dòng)的機(jī)會(huì)在減少，成本在增加。“二代”現(xiàn)象可能在短時(shí)期內(nèi)難以改變。不過，“二代”現(xiàn)象本身也反映出很多人喜歡給某一群體的所有人都貼上同樣的標(biāo)簽，這說明當(dāng)下社會(huì)的寬容程度還不夠，而這也是社會(huì)進(jìn)步的一個(gè)重要衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。和諧的社會(huì)是和而不同，一定社會(huì)差別的存在是整個(gè)社會(huì)進(jìn)步、社會(huì)成員個(gè)體謀求自由全面發(fā)展的動(dòng)力，當(dāng)然，社會(huì)更應(yīng)為普通社會(huì)成員留下足夠的上升渠道和發(fā)展空間。
無錫市第十四屆英語(yǔ)翻譯比賽決賽
（本科組試題參考譯文）
一、英譯中參考譯文
應(yīng)該如何讀書
弗吉尼亞?伍爾芙
既然書是分門別類的——小說、傳記、詩(shī)歌—-我們就應(yīng)該把它們分別開來，從每類書中吸取我們認(rèn)為它應(yīng)當(dāng)給我們的東西—-這么說，本來是極其簡(jiǎn)單的。但是很少有人向書索取它所能真正給我們的東西。最常見的是，我們拿起一本書來閱讀，而對(duì)于書的看法是模糊的，不一致的：對(duì)于小說，要求它真實(shí)；對(duì)于詩(shī)歌，要求它有虛構(gòu)的東西；對(duì)于傳記，要求它是恭維的；對(duì)于歷史，要求它能應(yīng)驗(yàn)我們自己的偏見。假如我們?cè)陂喿x時(shí)，能排除一切這類先入之見，那將是令人羨慕的良好開端。請(qǐng)不要向作者發(fā)號(hào)施令，盡可能地同他一樣設(shè)身處地，成為他的同行或者伙伴。假如你退居一邊，持保留態(tài)度，一開始就進(jìn)行批評(píng)，那么你就在阻礙自己從你所閱讀的東西中取得最大可能的收獲。但是假如你盡量敞開思想，那么，包含在最初幾個(gè)句子的遷回曲折之中細(xì)微到幾乎難以覺察的暗示與線索，就會(huì)把你帶到一個(gè)與別人完全不同的人的面前。你就在這方面下工夫，熟悉它，很快你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)作者正在把或者力圖把某種遠(yuǎn)為明確的東西交給你。假如，我們先來探討怎樣閱讀小說，一本三十二章的小說本身就是一種試圖創(chuàng)造象一座建筑物似的有形式和受到制約的東西的一種嘗試。但是字句與磚瓦不同，更加觸摸不到；若拿閱讀和眼看相比，閱讀是一種更長(zhǎng)和更為復(fù)雜的過程。也許，理解一個(gè)作家所創(chuàng)作出來的作品的要素的最快方法，不是去閱讀而是去寫作，親自去同語(yǔ)言的困難和危險(xiǎn)打交道，作實(shí)驗(yàn)。請(qǐng)回憶一下在你的腦子中留下明顯印象的某一事件，比如說，在馬路轉(zhuǎn)角的地方，你從兩個(gè)正在談話的人的身邊經(jīng)過；一棵樹搖擺了一下；一道電燈光跳動(dòng)著；談話人的口吻既是滑稽的又是悲愴的；全部景色，整個(gè)概念似乎都包含在這一剎那之中。但是，當(dāng)你試圖用語(yǔ)言把它再組合起來時(shí)，你就會(huì)發(fā)覺它分裂成千百個(gè)互相矛盾的印象。其中某些必須予以抑制，某些則必須強(qiáng)調(diào)突出。在這個(gè)過程中你可能會(huì)失去對(duì)感情的全部控制。然后，放下你那幾頁(yè)模糊的、零散的文字，去翻閱某個(gè)偉大作家的作品的開始幾頁(yè)——笛福、珍恩·奧斯丁，哈代，這時(shí)你就能更好地欣賞他們的精湛技巧。閱讀一本小說是一種困難而又復(fù)雜的藝術(shù)。假如，你打算運(yùn)用一個(gè)作家——一個(gè)偉大的作家向你提供的一切，你就必須不僅擁有洞察事物的高超技巧，同時(shí)還要有極其大膽的想象力。
二、中譯英參考譯文
In recent years，there are heated debates on the
so-called“second generation”，including“the second rich generation”，“the second
official generation”and“the second poor generation”. Since the adoption of
the reform and opening-up policy in China，the economic system and the original
simple social structure have witnessed great changes，especially the
differentiation and reorganization of the social classes. Nowadays，the social structure tends to be stable and developed，however
there are few opportunities but high cost for social members to improve their
status and move to the upper part of the social ladder. Therefore， it is hard
to change the phenomenon of the so-called “second-generation”in
a short time. However，this term reflects that many people like to
label different social classes，which indicates the insufficient social
tolerance which，on the other hand，is an indicator of social
progress. The existence of different classes can push the
entire society to advance and the individuals to pursue their all-round free development. Society should provide channels and space for common members to develop themselves and to move
to the upper part of the social ladder.
（以上譯文僅供參考）
無錫市第十四屆英語(yǔ)翻譯比賽決賽
（專科組）
一、英譯中
On the Pressures and Politics of Waiting in Line
The British queue up and
the Americans wait in line,
except for New Yorkers, who wait on line. No one seems to know the reason for this local
idiom.
It is something to ponder
while waiting in/on line.
Another thing to ponder: It is estimated that Americans spend up to five
years of their lives in that tedious, stressful but unavoidable process known as waiting. Studies show that otherwise rational people act irrationally when forced to stand in line or wait in crowds, even becoming violent. Standing in line is not a necessary requisite to being part of a queue, as Dr.
Saaty pointed out. One can be trapped on "hold" at the end of a phone line, stacked up
over an airport, tied up in highway traffic, delayed in a doctor’s crowded waiting room.
Queues are a grim reality of city life. While there seems to be no consensus on the city's
worst line,
the ones mentioned most
often in talks here and there were lunchtime lines at banks and post offices
and,
among younger people, movie lines and college-registration lines.
"Bank lines,"
said Mark Sloane, an investor. "No matter what time of day you bank, the number of tellers is
inadequate to the number of patrons. Even when the bank is open you see long lines in front of the money machines outside. "
In any line the fundamental
rule is first come, first served, or what social scientists call "distributive justice."
In
theory, then, everyone should have an equal
interest in keeping an
In both cases the strongest
protests came from the immediate victims or the people directly behind the line jumpers. People farther down the line complained less or not at all, even
though they had been
equally penalized by losing a place.
二、中譯英
擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需是中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的基本立足點(diǎn)和長(zhǎng)期戰(zhàn)略方針。中國(guó)正處在工業(yè)化、域鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程加快，人民收入水平提高和消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu)升級(jí)的發(fā)展階段，在轉(zhuǎn)變外貿(mào)增長(zhǎng)方式、擴(kuò)大進(jìn)口、加強(qiáng)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)，為全球貿(mào)易和世界經(jīng)濟(jì)繼續(xù)作出貢獻(xiàn)的同時(shí)，巨大的國(guó)內(nèi)需求和廣闊的國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)是中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的持續(xù)動(dòng)力，這就決定了中國(guó)的發(fā)展應(yīng)當(dāng)而且有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)以國(guó)內(nèi)需求為主。中國(guó)保持固定資產(chǎn)投資以合理的規(guī)模和速度增長(zhǎng)，發(fā)揮投資對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的推動(dòng)作用。中國(guó)通過實(shí)行正確的收入分配政策和消費(fèi)政策，更多地依靠國(guó)內(nèi)消費(fèi)需求拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。近年來，國(guó)內(nèi)投資和消費(fèi)需求均呈較快增長(zhǎng)態(tài)勢(shì)。
無錫市第十四屆英語(yǔ)翻譯比賽決賽
（?？平M試題參考譯文）
一、英譯中參考譯文
排隊(duì)的壓力與策略
排隊(duì)，英國(guó)人說queue up， 美國(guó)人除紐約人說wait on line外， 都用wait in line。紐約人為什么要用那個(gè)地方性的說法，似乎沒人知道，這倒是可以在排隊(duì)時(shí)好好思索一番的問題。
需要思索的還有一點(diǎn)：據(jù)估計(jì)，美國(guó)人一生中花費(fèi)在枯燥、煩悶卻又躲避不掉的等待上的時(shí)間竟達(dá)五年之多。“研究表明，如果人被迫排隊(duì)，或擠在人群中等待，本來深明事理的人也會(huì)失去理智，甚至暴跳如雷。”薩提博士還指出，排隊(duì)等待并不是非站在隊(duì)里不可。打電話時(shí)可能因找受話人而難以脫身；可能會(huì)因飛機(jī)在機(jī)場(chǎng)上空盤旋待降而焦燥不安；可能會(huì)因公路交通阻塞欲走不成；也可能會(huì)在擁擠不堪的候診室里，耽誤許久。
排隊(duì)是城市生活中一大嚴(yán)肅的現(xiàn)實(shí)難題。對(duì)于城市里什么隊(duì)最難排，人們似乎沒有一致的看法，但常常聽到人們到處談?wù)摰?，莫過于午飯時(shí)間在銀行和郵局的排隊(duì)。年輕人當(dāng)中，經(jīng)常議論紛紛的則是買電影票和大學(xué)注冊(cè)的排隊(duì)了。
“銀行里的排隊(duì)最討厭了，”投資者馬克·斯隆說。“不論什么時(shí)候去銀行，接待顧客的出納員也總是不夠。即使在營(yíng)業(yè)時(shí)間里，也能看到銀行外面的自動(dòng)提款機(jī)跟前排著長(zhǎng)隊(duì)。”
不管在什么地方排隊(duì)，基本原則都是先到先辦事，或者用社會(huì)學(xué)家的話說，就是“公平待人”。也就是說，理論上每個(gè)人都應(yīng)注意排好隊(duì)。但實(shí)際上，每個(gè)人的關(guān)注程度又因各自在隊(duì)里的位置前后而不同。研究人員輪流到中央火車站和杜菲廣場(chǎng)戲院的買票隊(duì)列里去加塞兒，從而證明了這一點(diǎn)。兩處情況表明，反對(duì)加塞兒最強(qiáng)烈的是在加塞者身后最近的人，因?yàn)樗麄兪侵苯拥氖芎φ?。站在?duì)里后邊的人則較少或者根本不抱怨，盡管他們前邊加了一人，也一樣地吃了虧。
二、中譯英
It is
China's fundamental stand and long-term strategic guiding principle to expand
domestic demand in its economic and social development. China has entered a
period when the pace of industrialization and urbanization is being quickened， the people's income level is
increasing and their consumption structure is being upgraded. While changing
its mode of foreign trade growth，increasing imports and strengthening intellectual property protection， and continuing to make
contributions to global trade and the world economy， China keeps up its driving force
to maintain sustained economic development through its huge domestic demand and
domestic market. This has determined that China should and most likely will
mainly rely on domestic demand for its development. China will ensure that
investment in fixed assets will increase at a reasonable scale and pace so as
to bring into better play the role of investment in economic growth. By
implementing correct income distribution and consumption policies， China is relying more on domestic demand and consumption to promote its
economic development. In recent years， domestic investment and consumption needs
are increasing at a rather rapid rate.
（以上譯文僅供參考）
